ANATOMY OF THE TOOTH
In order to understand endodontic treatment, it helps to know something about the anatomy of a tooth. Teeth have several layers. The outside layer of the tooth is composed of a hard layer called enamel. Enamel is supported by an inner layer called dentin, which has at its center a soft tissue known as the pulp. The pulp contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue that are responsible for forming the surrounding dentin and enamel during tooth development. The pulp receives its nourishment supply from vessels which enter the end of the root. Although the pulp is important during development of the tooth, it is not necessary for function of the tooth. The tooth continues to be nourished by the tissues surrounding it even after the pulp is removed.
WHAT CAUSES THE INFECTION OR INFLAMMATION?
The inflammation or infection can have a variety of causes such as deep decay, repeated dental procedures on the tooth, or a crack in the tooth.
An injury to a tooth may also cause pulp damage even if the tooth has no visible chips or cracks. If pulp inflammation or infection is left untreated, it can cause pain or lead to an abscess, which may result in tooth loss.
HOW IS THE PROCEDURE PERFORMED?
This is the step-by-step breakdown of the endodontic treatment plan.
1) Preparation
Dr. Patel will examine and x-ray the tooth, then administer a local anesthetic. Once the tooth is numb, a small protective sheet called a “dental dam” is placed over the area to isolate the tooth and keep it clean and free of saliva during the procedure.
2) Cleaning and Shaping
Dr. Patel then makes an opening in the crown of the tooth and removes the inflamed or infected pulp. Very small instruments and the EdgePRO™ endodontic laser are used to clean the pulp from the pulp chamber and root canal. This space is also shaped for filling.
3) Filling and Sealing
Once the space is cleaned and shaped, the root canal is filled with a biocompatible substance called “gutta-percha.” This rubber-like material, along with adhesive cement, is placed in the space to ensure complete sealing of the root canal.
4) Crown Seat
You will then go back to your general dentist to get a crown or other restoration on the tooth to protect and restore it to full function. If the tooth lacks sufficient structure to hold the restoration in place, your general dentist may place a post inside the tooth.
Endodontic treatment is typically completed in one office visit. However, depending on the complexity of your individual situation, two office visits may be necessary.